It was led by efforts in New York, which hit the limits of a diminishing tax base and vanishing bank loans in 1975 and was pushed to the brink of municipal bankruptcy. These are powerful city images.īut city branding as a discipline proper was born in the industrial decline and fiscal stress of the 1970s. Think of postcards made around 1900 of the engineering marvel of the Eiffel Tower, or the fantasy pavilions at Coney Island, and the famous photo of the Flatiron Building by Alfred Steiglitz. So how did this counterproductive exercise in collective egotism begin? Cities have long had visual “brands”: from tourist photos to scenes in a film, our mental postcards of a city become the DNA of its essence with endless repetition, this essence becomes a meme or a logo for the city’s brand. If the brand process begins with “a desire to be extraordinary”, as one place-branding agency suggests, then predictably, according to the so-called Lake Wobegon effect popularised by the US radio host Garrison Keillor – who satirises a town where "all the women are strong, all the men are good-looking and all the children are above average" – then every city turns out to be “extraordinary”. The states with the largest contributions were Colorado ($1.4 billion), California ($688.2 million) and Utah ($601.8 million) - notably states where downhill skiing is big business.But competition between cities accelerates the need for image-making so that no city can ever win. Snow activities for the nation tallied $7 billion in current‐dollar value added and was the largest conventional activity in three states. Motorcycling/ATVing was the third‐largest conventional activity for the nation at $11.5 billion in current‐dollar value added and was the largest conventional activity in Wisconsin. The state with the largest contribution was Indiana, where many RV manufacturers are located, at $5.9 billion.īoating/fishing was the second‐largest conventional activity for the nation at $32.4 billion in current‐dollar value added and was the largest conventional activity in 24 states and the District of Columbia. RVing was the largest conventional outdoor activity for the nation at $35.5 billion in current‐dollar value added and was the largest conventional activity in 22 states. Growth in supporting activities was led by travel and tourism, reflecting growth in spending on transportation, hotels, and restaurants. outdoor recreation, other outdoor recreation accounted for 19.8% and supporting activities accounted for the remaining 46%. In 2022, conventional outdoor recreation hit 34.2% of U.S. The government sorts outdoor recreation into three general categories: “conventional activities” such as bicycling, boating, hiking, and hunting “other activities” such as gardening and outdoor concerts and “supporting activities” such as construction, travel and tourism, local trips, and government expenditures. It also includes motorcycles, outdoor concerts, gardening, equestrian activities, construction at outdoor destinations and government spending on the outdoors. The government's definition of outdoor recreation includes everything from buying bait at the bait shop to building expensive RVs. The bureau reports that mining contributed about 1.9% of U.S. economy than extractive industries like mining. Supporters of the outdoor recreation industry, and the nation’s outdoor environment that supports places to camp, fish, hunt, hike, boat, bike and bird - note that outdoor recreation now contributes more money to the U.S.
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